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  • communications intelligence (comint) which is the interception of communication between people and groups
  • electronic intelligence (elint) which is the intercepting of electronic signals which are not specifically used for communication
  • foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (fisint), which is the collection of signals created by the testing and use of foreign weapons systems.
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    the term electronic warfare (ew) applies to military action involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum. the goal of ew is to maximize the ability of friendly forces to access and exploit the spectrum while disrupting and denying the enemy’s ability to do the same. it also encompasses the use of technology to defend against attacks on spectral capabilities and the use of offensive directed energy weapons. examples of ew include radar jamming, communication jamming, and electronic masking, as well as countermeasures against such techniques.

    as with sigint, ew can be divided into three sub-disciplines. these include:

  • electronic attack (ea), which includes offensive use of directed energy against the enemy
  • electronic protection (ep), which is defensive, like the electronic warfare self-protection (ewsp) suite built into fighter jets
  • electronic warfare support (es), the practice of locating and identifying the sources of electromagnetic energy signals for the purpose of supporting decision-making
  • it is in this third category of es that we see the overlap of electronic warfare and sigint because the systems and equipment used for es can simultaneously collect intelligence. while es is more focused on immediate threats in the operational environment, much of the data obtained can be used to enhance raw signals intelligence and sigint decision-making.

    es can detect the source of an electromagnetic signal, the type of equipment generating that signal, and relevant data like frequency, modulation, etc. for example, es personnel can detect an unknown radar signal emanating from somewhere in the battlespace. they can analyze the signal and determine the type of radar that is being used, and compare their findings with countries known to use this type of radar, and what vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc. it is typically used with. they can then ascertain the nature of the radar source, and make intelligent predictions on what the unknown actor’s intentions are.